{"id":41271,"date":"2019-11-04T11:15:11","date_gmt":"2019-11-04T10:15:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/nick-gold-ali-farka-toure-was-larger-than-life\/"},"modified":"2022-03-07T14:55:00","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T13:55:00","slug":"nick-gold-ali-farka-toure-was-larger-than-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/nick-gold-ali-farka-toure-was-larger-than-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Nick Gold: &#8220;Ali Farka Tour\u00e9 was larger than life&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-32011 pam-featured-content\" src=\"https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2907f921-nick_gold___ali_fark_3c5yt.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2907f921-nick_gold___ali_fark_3c5yt.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2907f921-nick_gold___ali_fark_3c5yt-759x526.jpg 759w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2907f921-nick_gold___ali_fark_3c5yt-1010x699.jpg 1010w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2907f921-nick_gold___ali_fark_3c5yt-661x458.jpg 661w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2907f921-nick_gold___ali_fark_3c5yt-465x322.jpg 465w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2907f921-nick_gold___ali_fark_3c5yt-375x260.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(min-width:1010px) 759px,100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>The English producer at the head of World Circuit Records\u00a0has played a key role in the large circulation of African and Cuban music in the Western countries. For PAM he revisited his personal history. First milestone: his meeting with the great Ali Farka Tour\u00e9.<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Photo: Ali Farka and Ry Cooder at studio Bogolan, Bamako \u00a9 Jonas Karlsson<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Paris. Sitting at the bar of an hotel located within a stone\u2019s throw of Gare du Nord train station, Nick Gold is gazing at a wall of vinyl records and his eyes stop on the album of Franco \u2013 the Congolese musician, dashing and smart with a large smile on his face, is standing in front of Pigalle metro station. The picture was taken at a time when Paris was undoubtedly the advanced post of African music in the West. However, London also had its crew of enthusiasts, who would soon undertake wondrous projects. Nick Gold was one of them. The world owes him Buena Vista Social Club\u2019s success and the worldwide dissemination of artists such as Cheikh L\u00f4, Oumou Sangar\u00e9, Orchestra Baobab and Ali Farka Tour\u00e9. More than thirty years have passed since the beginning of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World Circuit<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a label he finally sold to the BMG group, although he still runs the artistic direction. The young keen jazz listener and soon-to-be-teacher, who earned a living working in record stores, did not know that music was going to change his life to such an extent. And more particularly the sounds originating from the African continent: the first time he entered a studio, it was to record Kenya-based Shirati Jazz. Some time later, Nick Gold met a Malian artist who would eventually find\u00a0a place in his own pantheon of music heroes: Ali Farka Tour\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>When did you hear Ali\u2019s music for the first time, and how did you two meet?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It was around 1986, 1987. Ali\u2019s music was being played on the British radio at that time by two Djs, Andy Kershaw and Charlie Gillet, and this is how we got to hear about him. His albums were starting to be reviewed in magazines too. I think that Andy, one of the two radio DJs, came to Paris, and as he was buying African records, he picked up this one by chance. Ali had already released a series of records in France.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">One of them, that would be known as \u201cthe Red album\u201d, had just a photo of him and some other people on the front cover that only read \u201cAli Farka Tour\u00e9\u201d,\u00a0with the tracklisting printed on the back. No other information at all\u2026 People loved this record because it was just acoustic guitar, voice, and percussion. It was sort of mesmerizing, you could catch glimpses of blues music, and a little quote of\u00a0an Otis Redding song.\u00a0This helped\u00a0people identify themselves with the music, and whoever heard the album liked it immediately. It\u00a0has\u00a0very strong songs, the repertoire\u00a0is very good and it\u00a0is beautifully recorded&#8230; It\u2019s a great record!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Although many people started to talk about it, the music still remained a mystery because of the lack of information \u2013 we didn\u2019t even know where it was from\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_32075\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32075\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32075\" src=\"https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4a0d6747-ali-farka-toure.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4a0d6747-ali-farka-toure.jpg 600w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4a0d6747-ali-farka-toure-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4a0d6747-ali-farka-toure-465x465.jpg 465w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4a0d6747-ali-farka-toure-375x375.jpg 375w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4a0d6747-ali-farka-toure-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4a0d6747-ali-farka-toure-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4a0d6747-ali-farka-toure-73x73.jpg 73w\" sizes=\"(min-width:1010px) 759px,100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32075\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ali Farka Tour\u00e9 &#8211; &#8220;Red Album&#8221;<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toumani Diabat\u00e9, who was working in England with Womad [an England-based music festival founded by Peter Gabriel] at the time, assured the man was from Mali, where he was already a famous musician. This is when Anne Haunt, who I was working with, went there to find him. She went to the national radio station in Bamako, where he had used to work for many years, and she asked for him. They made a special broadcast and they just said\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cthere\u2019s a white woman here looking for Ali Farka Tour\u00e9. If he is in Bamako, can he come to the radio station\u00a0?\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Although he was living in the North of the country, in Niafunk\u00e9, he happened to be in Bamako at this time, so I think it was luck. He met Anne and she brought him over in London to make a series of small concerts and record music. So the first time I met him was in the taxi, as he was just off the airplane that brought him to London.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b><br \/>\nWhat did you like about him?\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Apart from his music which captures you very quickly and quite powerfully, he was really a \u201clarger-than-life\u201d character, incredibly charming and self-assured: the sort of person everyone will look at when he enters a room. Now imagine\u00a0when he would start to play music in front of you!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The most beautiful thing was to watch him play the guitar because it seemed like he was at one with the instrument, literally caressing the wood in an effortless gesture. He really lived it. Every note Ali played was meant. There were no\u00a0useless doodles or fills, it was very subtle and mesmerizing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">When you have been listening to records for a long time, you have a list of the heroes you think you will never meet \u2013\u00a0like Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, Charlie Parker or Lester Young\u2026 You think you might be able to see them on stage \u2013 if they are\u00a0not already dead. So being with Ali in a room and watching him play, you realize that he\u2019s someone of that stature, of that level \u2013\u00a0more than anyone I had ever met before. Someone very special and important to me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b><br \/>\nWas there any connection between his guitar playing and the way he played the traditional Malian instruments?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes. I think the first instrument he had was a one-string traditional guitar called\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cnjurkel\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, generally used to summon spirits during ceremonies. But musicians\u00a0played it like a\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ngoni<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with a lot of hammering-on\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[a playing technique performed on a stringed instrument by sharply bringing a fretting-hand finger down on the fingerboard behind a fret, causing a note to sound]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. He fell in love with the instrument as a young boy. And then in 1956\/57, in Guinea, he saw Kante Facelli [a famous djeli guitarist, at that time member of \u201cLes Ballets Africains de Keita Fodeba\u201d] play guitar: he was immediately captivated and since then he had always wanted to play guitar. At that time, earned a living as a\u00a0chauffeur. I think he finally got a mandoline or a guitar, a borrowed one, and he said that he just transposed the technique of the njurkel to the guitar, a very easy task for the young amateur musician. The only problem, he said, was that as he had now six strings instead of one, he was worried about the other strings being jealous of the one he was touching. So he had to\u00a0find\u00a0a\u00a0technique to\u00a0play with the other\u00a0strings too&#8230;<br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0KWOEexo2xk\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>The Western audiences called his music \u201cblues\u201d, but I heard Ali wasn\u2019t pleased with it.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It\u2019s true. He became very frustrated after being asked about \u201cblues\u201d all the time. Because I think most of his music was traditional music transposed on guitar, while here in the West people could only hear echoes of the blues.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Nevertheless, I think he was aware of the existence of blues music, as he could play it and he even included in his own compositions, influences\u00a0of foreign music he had listened to. you can hear it in the song \u201cAmandrai\u201d where he sang in Tamashek language, which is a very straight blues-sounding song. He had already heard a Tamashek version, so he brought in little bits of Western blues he had heard. He had an amazing facility: if you hear Ali\u2019s traditional songs played on a ngoni, the melody and the obvious structure of the song isn\u2019t so apparent, but when he played it he was able to\u00a0highlight\u00a0the melody so that\u00a0people would hear it better. I don\u2019t think that he was purposefully doing it\u00a0to\u00a0make his music\u00a0&#8220;easier&#8221;\u00a0to foreign listeners; I think he was just able to\u00a0interpret what he thought was\u00a0essential in something he had heard.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">People said they heard touches of blues in Ali\u2019s music,\u00a0and I think he got frustrated and sometimes pissed by these reviews because he considered that 90% of what he was playing, and even more,\u00a0were from Mali. Malian music that happened to be played on a Western guitar with little bits of stuff he had heard somewhere else\u2026 But because of these small quotations, people thought he may have borrowed more than he could compose.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b><br \/>\nAli Farka Tour\u00e9 has worked for many years at Radio Mali. Do you think the experience had an impact on his ability to produce a unique synthesis of the various music styles played along the Niger river?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">As an ambulance driver and as a chauffeur, Ali travelled a lot. Besides, at Radio Mali, Ali was the assistant of a sound engineer called Boubacar Traor\u00e9\u00a0who was\u00a0did\u00a0all the recordings from the \u201970s\u00a0and \u201980s, including the albums Ali released on Sonafric,\u00a0as well as many other musicians: The Ambassadors, The Rail Band\u2026\u00a0As part of the radio activity, the pair\u00a0also made various field trips where they would record local musicians around the country with portable recording equipment. They would do frequent travels into the North of the country, so\u00a0Ali got to hear a huge amount of music \u2013 basically all the regional musics. Boubacar told me that Ali would be able to pick this music up very quickly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">He was Songhai but he could also sing in Bozo, Tamashek and Malink\u00e9: he picked up languages very easily too. I don\u2019t think it\u2019s very common for someone to be able to bring together all of these different elements. It must be noted that it was the era of the \u201cbiennales\u201d: every two years there were regional competitions that would lead to a national final competition in Bamako. It means that all these musicians and music were coming together, at a regional level, and they all shared a strong awareness of\u00a0their different cultures and music,\u00a0with a true\u00a0pride and a real interest in it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This sharing of cultures was in the air. You could see that when he made the record with Toumani in 2005, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In The Heart Of The Moon<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. I think Toumani was surprised by how much Mande music Ali knew. When they made that record, they sat down to play and Toumani said:\u201dWhat are we doing first?\u201d and Ali would just start playing a Mande song that even Toumani didn\u2019t know so well. His musical knowledge was huge.\u00a0<br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_32015\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32015\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32015\" src=\"https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal-759x750.jpg 759w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal-1010x998.jpg 1010w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal-661x653.jpg 661w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal-465x460.jpg 465w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal-375x371.jpg 375w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/7c32fe06-ali___toumani___nick_arhal-73x73.jpg 73w\" sizes=\"(min-width:1010px) 759px,100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32015\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nick Gold, Ali Farka Tour\u00e9 &amp; Toumani Diabat\u00e9 (Bamako, 2004) \/ photo Christina Jaspars<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>Working with him in a studio was also a very special experience\u2026<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">He didn\u2019t like recording very much. I don\u2019t know if he liked the process of examining himself in this environment: playing and listening back. He would record and if you said, <em>\u201cCan we do that again?\u201d<\/em>, his general reaction would be:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhy? What\u2019s wrong with it?<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maybe you could do this\u00a0section a bit better&#8230;<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Look, I\u2019ll do it again if you want me to, but it won\u2019t be better, and it won\u2019t be worst. It might be different.\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And so he\u2019d do it again but he didn&#8217;t like to analyze these things, he only\u00a0liked to play\u2026 It made the recording process very fast. I remember the recording we made of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Talking Timbuktu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with Ry Cooder: it was made in two and a half days \u2013\u00a0and the days were short days\u00a0\u2013 with a band that he had never met before. Ry had to work fast because even if we had worked a bit of repertoire before he entered the studio, Ali would start playing the tune, and Ry was still thinking, \u201cwhich guitar should I put on that?\u201d. Well, you had to pick up your guitar and go with it, because Ali was already off\u2026 You had to catch the train! For most of his recordings, there is very rarely \u201ctake two\u201d or \u201ctake three\u201d, nearly everything is the first take. \u201cBam! Finished, and move on.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b><br \/>\nWhen it comes to the album <\/b><b><i>Talking Timbuktu<\/i><\/b><b>, how did you make the connection between Ry Cooder and Ali Farka Tour\u00e9?\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I got a phone call at the office one day. We had a tiny office with an intercom, and when the call came in, I heard somebody said: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cthere\u2019s a call for you on line three, it\u2019s Ry Cooder.\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I said, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cok, very funny,\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> thinking it was a friend of mine. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cHello?\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I said. Then this voice came down and it was very obviously Ry\u2019s: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI need to find Ali Farka Tour\u00e9.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It was just a very great coincidence because Ali was staying at my apartment at that time. Ry had a concert the next day but he had free time, so I invited\u00a0him over to my apartment. As we didn&#8217;t have anything to sit comfortably,\u00a0I\u00a0had to go\u00a0buy a chair and a sofa before he arrived; I also had to cook some food so when Ry came I realized I had forgotten to get a guitar for him. There was only one guitar for the two of them,\u00a0so they swapped the instrument and played a little bit. Then Ry said: <em>&#8220;Ok let\u2019s try to do something one day,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0because\u00a0he really liked Ali. This is how we started to gather bits of repertoire, and send them to Ry. Eventually, when Ali went on a North American tour, I made sure he had three days off next to where Ry worked, and I found out which studio he liked to work in,\u00a0where I booked some studio time. So Ry came, and we did it quick. I think we had one day of rehearsal at Ry\u2019s house before their recording session. And that\u2019s all. I also booked Texas-based guitarist and violin player Clarence \u201cGatemouth\u201d Brown, and Ry broughtdrummer Jim Keltner. Together they just hit this music out, very quickly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">There was something fascinating with Ry: when we were recording in one of the studio\u2019s\u00a0huge rooms, he put microphones high up into the ceiling to catch the ambiance of the room.\u00a0It turned out to define what\u00a0the sound of the album would be. This detail was very interesting to me because at that time, the trend was close-miking everything \u2013\u00a0the engineers wanted to control everything and the real pride was your ability to record a guitar when everything else was\u00a0playing, and only hear the guitar back. But for Ry, it was the complete opposite: he wanted to\u00a0record the musicians&#8217; interaction in the room. He also wanted the musicians to play really close to each others, so he and Ali were sitting very close to get some physical interaction and let the\u00a0inner dynamic happen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>This very album, recorded in only three days, eventually was awarded a Grammy award\u00a0in 1994 and became the label\u2019s first international success?\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Yeah\u2026 And it\u2019s a great record.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_32014\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32014\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32014\" src=\"https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bb0015a7-ali_farka_toure__ry__fsryf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"803\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bb0015a7-ali_farka_toure__ry__fsryf.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bb0015a7-ali_farka_toure__ry__fsryf-759x508.jpg 759w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bb0015a7-ali_farka_toure__ry__fsryf-1010x676.jpg 1010w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bb0015a7-ali_farka_toure__ry__fsryf-661x442.jpg 661w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bb0015a7-ali_farka_toure__ry__fsryf-465x311.jpg 465w, https:\/\/pan-african-music-production.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bb0015a7-ali_farka_toure__ry__fsryf-375x251.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(min-width:1010px) 759px,100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32014\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ali Farka &amp; Ry Cooder with Joachim Cooder (Ry&#8217;s son), studio Ocean Way (California).\u00a0Photo: Susan Titelman<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The English producer at the head of World Circuit Records\u00a0has played a key role in the large circulation of African and Cuban music in the Western countries. For PAM he revisited his personal history. First [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":100944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7835],"tags":[4158,10635,33636],"location":[7946,8132],"yst_prominent_words":[17958,21295,9406,8403,31582,11911,22534,22897,8938,11368,8414,8447,8618,8613,8402,8435,9006,8543,8619],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41271"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41271"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41271\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41271"},{"taxonomy":"location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/location?post=41271"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pan-african-music.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=41271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}